Do you have your booking reference? anh/chị có mã số đặt vé không?
Your passport and ticket, please xin vui lòng cho xem hộ chiếu và vé bay
Here's my booking reference đây là mã số đặt vé của tôi
Where are you flying to? anh/chị bay đi đâu?
Did you pack your bags yourself? anh/chị tự đóng đồ lấy à?
Has anyone had access to your bags in the meantime ? đồng thời có ai cũng xem đồ của anh.chị không?
Do you have any liquids or sharp objects in your hand baggage? trong hành lý xách tay của anh/chị có chất lỏng và đồ nhọn không?
How many bags are you checking in? anh/chị sẽ đăng ký gửi bao nhiêu túi hành lý?
Could I see your hand baggage, please? cho tôi xem hành lý xách tay của anh/chị
Do I need to check this in or can I take it with me? tôi có cần gửi túi này không hay là tôi có thể đem theo?
There's an excess baggage charge of ... hành lý quá cân sẽ bị tính cước …
£30 30 bảng
Would you like a window or an aisle seat? anh/chị muốn ngồi ở cạnh cửa sổ hay cạnh lối đi?
Enjoy your flight! chúc quý khách một chuyến đi vui vẻ!
Where can I get a trolley? tôi có thế lấy xe đẩy ở đâu?
Security - An ninh
Are you carrying any liquids? anh/chị có mang theo chất lỏng không?
Could you take off your ..., please? đề nghị anh/chị …
- coat cởi áo khoác
- shoes cởi giày
- belt tháo thắt lưng
Could you put any metallic objects into the tray, please? đề nghị anh/chị để các đồ bằng kim loại vào khay
Please empty your pockets đề nghị bỏ hết đồ trong túi quần áo ra
Please take your laptop out of its case đề nghị bỏ máy tính xách tay ra khỏi túi
I'm afraid you can't take that through tôi e là anh/chị không thể mang nó qua được
In the departure lounge - Trong phòng chờ xuất phát
What's the flight number? số hiệu chuyến bay là gì?
Which gate do we need? chúng ta cần đi cổng nào?
Last call for passenger Smith travelling to Miami, please proceed immediately to Gate number 32 đây là lần gọi cuối cùng hành khách Smith bay tới Miami, đề nghị tới ngay Cổng số 32
The flight's been delayed chuyến bay đã bị hoãn
The flight's been cancelled chuyến bay đã bị hủy
We'd like to apologise for the delay chung tôi xin lỗi quý khách về sự trì hoãn
Could I see your passport and boarding card, please? xin vui lòng cho tôi kiểm tra hộ chiếu và thẻ lên máy bay
On the plane - Trên máy bay
What's your seat number? số ghế của quý khách là bao nhiêu?
Could you please put that in the overhead locker? xin quý khách vui lòng để túi đó lên ngăn tủ phía trên đầu
Please pay attention to this short safety demonstration xin quý khách vui lòng chú ý theo dõi đoạn minh họa ngắn về an toàn trên máy bay
Please turn off all mobile phones and electronic devices xin quý khách vui lòng tắt điện thoại di động và các thiết bị điện tử khác
The captain has turned off the Fasten Seatbelt sign phi hành trưởng đã tắt tín hiệu Thắt Dây An Toàn
How long does the flight take? chuyến bay đi hết bao lâu?
Would you like any food or refreshments? anh/chị có muốn ăn đồ ăn chính hoặc đồ ăn nhẹ không?
The captain has switched on the Fasten Seatbelt sign phi hành trưởng đã bật tín hiệu Thắt Dây An Toàn
We'll be landing in about fifteen minutes chúng ta sắp hạ cánh trong khoảng mười lăm phút nữa
Please fasten your seatbelt and return your seat to the upright position xin quý khách vui lòng thắt dây an toàn và điều chỉnh ghế của mình theo tư thế ngồi thẳng
Please stay in your seat until the aircraft has come to a
complete standstill and the Fasten Seatbelt sign has been switched off
xin quý khách vui lòng ngồi tại chỗ cho đến khi máy bay dừng hẳn và tín hiệu Thắt Dây An Toàn đã tắt
The local time is 9.34pm... giờ địa phương bây giờ là 9:34 tối …
The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a species of honey bee. The genus name Apis is Latin for "bee", and mellifera means "honey-bearing".
Geographic distribution : phân bố địa lý
The western honey bee is native to Europe, Asia and Africa. During
the early 1600s it was introduced to North America, with other European
subspecies introduced two centuries later.[2] Since then, it has spread throughout the Americas. Western honey bees evolved into geographic races as they spread from Africa into Eurasia,[3] and 28 subspecies based on these geographic variations are recognized.[1]
All races are cross-fertile, although reproductive adaptations may make
interbreeding unlikely. The subspecies are divided into four major
branches, based on work by Ruttner and confirmed by mitochondrial DNA
analysis. African subspecies belong to branch A, northwestern European
subspecies branch M, southwestern European subspecies branch C and
Mideastern subspecies branch O. Regions with local variations may be identified as
subspecies in the future; A. m. pomonella, from the Tian Shan, would be included in the Mideastern subspecies branch. Geographic isolation led to adaptation as honey bees spread after the
last ice age. These adaptations include brood cycles synchronized to
the blooming period of local flora, forming a winter cluster in colder
climates, migratory swarming in Africa and enhanced foraging behavior in
desert areas.
Biology and life cycle:Sinh học và chu kỳ sống
In the temperate zone honey bees survive winter as a colony, and the queen begins egg-laying in mid- to late winter in preparation for spring (probably triggered by day length). The only fertile female,
she lays the eggs from which all the other bees are produced. Except
for a brief periods (when she may fly to mate with drones or leave in
later life with a swarm to establish a new colony), the queen rarely leaves the hive after the larvae
have become bees. She deposits each egg in a cell prepared by worker
bees. The egg hatches into a small larva fed by "nurse" bees (worker
bees who maintain the interior of the colony). After about a week, the
larva is sealed in its cell by the nurse bees and begins its pupal
stage. After another week, it emerges as an adult bee. For the first ten days of their lives, female worker bees clean the
hive and feed the larvae. After this, they begin building comb cells. On
days 16 through 20, workers receive nectar and pollen from older
workers and store it. After the 20th day, a worker leaves the hive and
spends the remainder of its life as a forager. The average population of
a healthy hive in midsummer may be as high as 40,000 to 80,000 bees.
The larvae and pupae in a frame of honeycomb are known as "frames of brood", and are sold (with adhering bees) to start new beehives. Workers and queens are fed royal jelly
during the first three days of their larval stage. Workers are then
switched to a diet of pollen and nectar (or diluted honey), while queens
will continue to receive royal jelly (which helps large, sexually
developed larvae reach the pupal stage more quickly). Queen breeders
consider good nutrition during the larval stage critically important for
queen quality, with good genetics and sufficient mating contributing factors. During the larval and pupal stages, parasites may damage (or destroy) the pupa or larva. Queens are not raised in the typical horizontal brood cells of the honeycomb.
A queen cell is larger and oriented vertically. If workers sense that
an old queen is weakening, they produce emergency cells (known as
supersedure cells) made from cells with eggs or young larvae and which
protrude from the comb. When the queen finishes her larval feeding and
pupates, she moves into a head-downward position and later chews her way
out of the cell. At pupation, workers cap (seal) the cell. Shortly
before emerging from their cells, young queens may often be heard
"piping". The queen makes this sound to evaluate her space, and piping
seems to calm worker bees.[4] Although worker bees are usually infertile females, when some subspecies are stressed they may lay
fertile eggs. Since workers are not fully sexually developed, they do
not mate with drones. Fertile eggs would be haploid (having only the
genetic contribution of their mother), and these haploid eggs would
always develop into drones. Worker bees secrete the wax used to build the hive, clean, maintain and guard it, raise the young and forage for nectar and pollen. Worker honey bees have a modified ovipositor, a stinger,
with which they defend the hive; unlike bees of any other genus and the
queens of their own species, this stinger is barbed. Contrary to
popular belief, a bee does not always die soon after stinging; this
misconception is based on the fact that a bee will usually die after
stinging a human or other mammal. The stinger and its venom sac, with musculature and a ganglion allowing them to continue delivering venom after they are detached, are designed to pull free of the body
when they lodge. This apparatus (including barbs on the stinger) is
thought to have evolved in response to predation by vertebrates, since
the barbs do not function (and the stinger apparatus does not detach)
unless the stinger is embedded in elastic material. The barbs do not
always "catch", so a bee may occasionally pull its stinger free and fly
off unharmed (or sting again).
Words:
- Native : loài địa phương - Introduced : được đưa vào - Subspecies : loài phụ, phân loài - Spread : truyền đi, lan đi, bay đi - Cross-fertile : có khả năng sinh sản chéo - Interbreeding : giao phối, lai giống - Mitochondrial DNA
analysis : phân tích ADN ty thể - Variations: biến thể - Geographic isolation: Việc cách ly địa lý - Adaptation: thích ứng, thích hợp - Last ice age: thời kỳ băng hà sau cùng - brood cycles: các chu kỳ bố mẹ - synchronized: đồng bộ ...